Brain injury and substance use disorders are closely connected. For some individuals, the challenges that follow a brain injury—such as chronic pain, depression, anxiety, social isolation, or difficulty returning to work and daily activities—can increase the risk of substance misuse. In other cases, substance use and opioid overdoses can lead to brain injury and lasting cognitive impairments.

Because brain injury often goes unrecognized, traditional treatment approaches may not fully address an individual's needs. Identifying brain injury and providing appropriate accommodations and specialized supports can improve treatment outcomes, support long-term recovery, and help reduce the risk of future overdoses.